種族滅絕是罪中之罪，然而很多有關“種族滅絕”的指控往往與其法律定義相矛盾，同時這些指控不能在排除合理懷疑的基礎上證明罪名成立。許多政治家、媒體、非政府組織和分裂主義組織都指控過種族滅絕，但大部分指控都無法給出界定種族屠殺的必要條件，即必須有犯罪意圖。反而他們將這種指控作為一種政策策略，去加強聲索者在國家爭端或是國內種族衝突中的站位。種族滅絕通常與大規模屠殺相關聯，但是那些對中國新疆的指控沒有給出這方面的證據，其所謂的證據是2017至2021年在新疆實施的少數民族計劃生育（這一政策已經在中國的主要民族漢族中實施了幾十年），以及聲稱一些少數民族兒童與他們的家庭分離、以及所謂的強迫民族通婚。通過審視這些和其他推動西方國家制裁與挑起煽動反華情緒的宣稱，我們發現這些指控有悖事實，同時也貶低了“種族滅絕”法理的和常識的概念。

Genocide is “the crime of crimes,” yet claims about it often contradict its legal definition and fail to show guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. Many politicians, media, NGOs, and separatist groups assert genocide. Most do not present a prima facie case of genocide’s sine qua non, the intent to destroy a protected group. Instead, they use the assertion as a stratagem, to enhance the claimant’s position in an inter-state conflict or intra-state ethnic strife. Claims about China’s Xinjiang are not based on the mass killings associated with a genocide, but on bloodless enforcement of birth limits for minorities in 2017-2021 -- featuring practices that China’s Han majority experienced for decades -- plus temporary family separations of some minority children and supposed forced intermarriages. Examining these and other claims, which impel Western sanctions and incite anti-Chinese sentiment, we find them empirically unsound and degrading of the legal and common concepts of genocide.